Researchers at the University of Barcelona reveal New advances in Cancer viral Treatment
New Cancer Research
Researchers have developed a new strain of vaccinia virus, which can replicate in tumor cells while maintaining increased immunogenicity. Specifically, the new strain of vaccinia virus is able to induce so-called immunogenic cell death in tumor cells. Vaccinia viruses are recognized as valuable therapeutic tools in biomedical applications due to their specific susceptibility characteristics. Among these, different strains of vaccinia virus have distinct applications based on their ability to trigger immune responses and replicate in mammalian cells. For instance, the Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) strain is unable to replicate in mammalian cells but is highly immunogenic, making it an excellent candidate for vaccine development against diseases like COVID-19 and AIDS. On the other hand, strains such as Western Reserve (WR) and Copenhagen (Cop) can efficiently replicate in tumor cells, making them suitable for cancer treatments as immune-oncolytic viruses, which are central to viral immunotherapy.
However, a significant limitation of these replicating strains is their reduced immunogenicity, which compromises their effectiveness in activating the immune system to target tumors. This has driven research efforts to enhance the immunogenic properties of these viruses without compromising their ability to replicate in tumor cells.
A recent study led by the University of Barcelona, the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), and the University of Munich has addressed this challenge by developing a novel strain of vaccinia virus. This new strain has the unique ability to replicate in tumor cells while maintaining increased immunogenicity, thereby inducing immunogenic cell death in these cells. The findings of this study have been published in the journal Molecular Therapy and have been supported by the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) and the State Research Agency (AEI).
The newly developed vaccinia virus strain has demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in various mouse models. It has shown reduced toxicity and a robust capacity to activate immune responses against tumors. This virus has been tested across different types of cancers, including melanoma, colon cancer, and kidney cancer, with promising results.
One of the most notable outcomes of this research is the total disappearance of tumors in a significant number of cases when the virus was administered repeatedly. Juan J. Rojas, the first author of the study and principal investigator of the Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer group at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Barcelona and IDIBELL, highlighted this remarkable finding.
This breakthrough in developing a new viral strain with enhanced immunogenicity represents a substantial advancement in viral immunotherapy research. It underscores the therapeutic potential of vaccinia viruses in treating cancer, offering hope for more effective cancer treatments that harness the body’s immune system to combat tumors.
In summary, the study has successfully engineered a vaccinia virus strain that balances efficient replication in tumor cells with potent immunogenicity, paving the way for improved viral immunotherapies for cancer patients. This innovation could significantly impact the future of cancer treatment, providing a new avenue for therapies that are both effective and safe.
Story Source: University of Barcelona. Date: May 24, 2024
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